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An amniotic tissue patch is a thin piece of donated human placental tissue that is placed over a small opening created during fetal surgery. It acts like a natural bandage, helping seal the membranes surrounding the baby, reducing fluid leakage, and supporting healing after the procedure.

Cordocentesis with fetal blood transfusion is a specialized procedure performed during pregnancy to treat severe anemia (low red blood cell count) in an unborn baby. Using ultrasound for guidance, a doctor inserts a thin needle through the mother's abdomen into a blood vessel in the baby's umbilical cord and transfuses compatible donor blood directly to the baby. This helps restore healthy blood levels, improves oxygen delivery, and can allow the pregnancy to continue safely until the baby is ready to be born.

Fetoscopic laser ablation is a minimally invasive fetal procedure used in selected cases of discordant anomalous twins, particularly when the twins share a placenta (monochorionic twins) and the abnormal twin's condition creates a risk to the healthier twin.

A fetal aortic or pulmonary valve balloon procedure is a specialized treatment performed before a baby is born to open a heart valve that is too narrow. During the procedure, doctors use ultrasound to guide a very thin needle through the mother's abdomen and into the baby's heart. A tiny balloon attached to a catheter is then passed through the narrowed heart valve. The balloon is briefly inflated to stretch the valve open, improving blood flow through the baby's heart. After the balloon is deflated, it is removed.

Fetal cardiac atrial septoplasty is a rare, minimally invasive procedure performed before birth to create or enlarge an opening between the two upper chambers of the baby's heart (the atria) when that opening is too small or closed.

A thoracoamniotic shunt is a small tube placed into the baby's chest before birth to drain excess fluid into the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby. This relieves pressure on the baby's lungs and heart, allowing the lungs to develop more normally and improving the baby's chances of surviving after birth.

This is a rare or specialized fetal intervention involving abnormal fetal vessels. True vasa previa involves fetal blood vessels that are located near the cervix and are at risk of rupture; the treatment is not to destroy those vessels but to safely deliver the baby before they are endangered.

Fetoscopic laser ablation is a minimally invasive fetal procedure used to treat certain severe cases of selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) in pregnancies where identical twins share the same placenta (monochorionic twins). In SIUGR, the placenta may not be evenly shared, and there can be abnormal blood vessel connections between the twins. These connections can cause an imbalance in blood flow, placing one or both babies at risk.

A spina bifida Myelomeningocele repair is surgery to fix one of the most severe forms of spina bifida, a birth defect in which part of a baby's spine does not develop properly before birth.

Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome is a condition in which identical twins sharing one placenta do not receive equal amounts of blood. One baby gives away too much blood while the other receives too much, putting both babies at risk. Fetoscopic laser surgery, which seals the abnormal blood vessel connections in the placenta. This is the preferred treatment for many moderate to severe cases because it addresses the underlying cause.

This procedure is performed during pregnancy to stop blood flow through the umbilical cord of one fetus in a multiple pregnancy (usually twins) when continuing the pregnancy would place the healthy fetus at significant risk. Using continuous ultrasound guidance, the physician inserts instruments through the mother's abdomen and blocks the affected fetus's umbilical cord.

A vesico-amniotic shunt is a tiny tube placed between the baby's bladder and the amniotic sac. It allows urine to drain from the bladder into the amniotic fluid when a blockage prevents the baby from emptying its bladder normally.